Blended learning

                                                                   

Non Directive Counselling(Carl Rogers) 

 

i. Counselee centred or client centred

ii. Counselee is more active.

iii. Based on the idea that a person has so much capacity and drive that he can face the problematic situation in  reality.

   Steps

1.Defining the problematic situation

  First of all  counsellor defines the problematic situation; never suggest solution.

2. Free expression of feelings

  The client is made aware of of the fact that he can express his or her feelings freely and the Counsellor approves it.

3.Development of insight & feeling

  Counselee develop and insight on his problem and new feelings emerge.

4.Classification of  feelings

 The  counsellee  with the help of The Counsellor   classifies  his or her feelings  into positive and negative.

5. Termination of counseling situation

With the combined effort of  of counsellor and counsellee,  the client or  counselee reaches a stage that he needs no more counselling. 

 

 

Eclectic counselling(F.C .T hornes)

 

i.A synthesis or combination of directive and non directive counselling

ii. Counselor is is neither too active nor passive

iii. The Counsellor studies the personality  of The Counsellee

iv.The Counselor selects elements of directive and non directive techniques that seems to serve the purpose best

v.Start with directive techniques and switch over to non-directive 

vi.Counsellor adjusts the techniques to the requirements of the situation and the Counsellee

 

Steps

1.Diagnosis of the cause

    Counsellor identifies  the cause of the problem

2.Analysis of the problem 

 Analysis of the problem based on information and data.

3. Preparation of tentative plan for solution

 Forming hypothesis related to the problem

4. Securing effective conditions for counselling

 Adopts proper techniques for counselling

5.Stimulating the counselee or client

 Encourages the counsellee to develop his own resources and try to solve his problem

6.Careful handling of similar or related problem

Counsellee develops sufficient strategies to solve similar or related problems

Guidance-Principles and scope.

 Principles of guidance 

 According to  Hollis and Hollis,  there are  8 principles  on  which  any   guidance program  should be based.  They are:-

1. The dignity  of the individual  is supreme.

2. Each Individual is  different from  every other individual.

3.  The primary concern of  guidance is the individual in his social setting.

4. The attitudes and perception of  the  individual are  the bases  on which  he/she acts.

5.The individual generally acts to enhance his or her perceived self.

6.The individual has  the innate ability to  to learn and can be  helped  to make  choices  that will lead to self direction  consistent with social improvement.

7. The individual needs  a continuous guidance process  from early childhood, through adulthood  to old age.

8. Each individual  may at times  need  the information and personalized assistance  best given by competent professionals.

Scope of guidance

i.Scope of guidance is very wide.

ii. It takes every aspect of an individual- personal, physical, mental, emotional  and social.

iii. Concerned with all aspects  of an individual’s behaviour pattern and attitude. 

iv.Includes persons of  different  age, different interest, different attitude, aptitudes etc.

v.In today's world of competition  and modernization people have  very complex nature of personality.( guidance is essential).

vi. Complexity of occupation- 

   → Modern occupations are very complex in nature

   → Occupations demand higher education background ( qualifications). Hence,  In-service training (a form of guidance) is necessary. 

 vii. Complexity of training;

→ New jobs require  new types of training,  new course of study, new machines etc. 

→  Guidance is necessary to  put right  person in right job.

Viii. Increasing areas;-

→ Nau guidance service has  a large number of  dimensions-  educational,  personal,  vocational,  religious,  citizenship,  home relationship,  cultural activities etc.

→ ix. Migration

       Because of  industrialisation process  people move from  one state to other.  When people move from  one social setup  to another one,  there Arise problems of adjustment  which demands guidance.

x. Expansion of education

 → The motto of  of modern education is “ education for all”

→ Education is considered as  the Asset for the nation.

→  To  place  right person  in the right course  demands the need for Guidance.

Prohibition of child labour

PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOUR

Introduction

            For the development and prosperity of a county, the youngsters should be well educated. But we can see the issue of child labour all over the world. In India, in remote areas people are not aware of the importance of education and there is exploitation of young children. Even in cities this problem exists. Therefore our government has put forward various laws and acts to eradicate this evil.

  Child Labour

·         Practice of having engaging the children in economic activities as part or full time basis.

·         This practice deprives children of their childhood and is harmful to their physical and mental development.

Causes

     *Poverty

     *Lack of good schools and growth of informal economy

     *Illiteracy of parents

     * Excess number of children in the family.

     *Lack of proper transportation facility etc.

( Article 24 prohibits hazardous child labour of children under 14 years)

MAJOR ACTS RELATED TO CHILD ABOUR

1.The Factories Act (1948)

This prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory.

2. The Mines Act (1952)

 This prohibits the employment of children below 18 years of age in a mine.

3.The child & adolescent labour (Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986)

This prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations (exception…domestic work, work of child artists, sports activities etc.)

This act is amended in 2016 as :

·         Addition of a new category of persons called “adolescent”. It defines children between 14 to 18 years as adolescents and bars their employment in any hazardous occupations.

The act makes child labour a cognizable offence. Employing children below 14 years will attract a jail term between 6 months to two years (earlier 3 months to 1 year) or a penalty between twenty-thousand to fifty thousand rupees or both for the first time. Repeat offenders will attract imprisonment between 1 year to 3 years (6 months to 2 years). In case, the offender is a parent, it provides a relaxed penal provision and proposes ·         a fine of Rs.10,000 for repeat offence committed by parent.

·         The act has a provision of creating Rehabilitation Fund for the rehabilitation of children.

4. The Juvenile justice (Care and protection of ) Children Act, 2000

It is a crime punishable with a prison term for anyone to procure or employ a child in any hazardous employment.

5.RTE,2009.

Refer.....

Watch 

 https://youtu.be/cdqrvlQNJMs

  

B.Ed Model question & value points

Dear students,

                                  Go through the model questions and try to answer within the prescribed time without any external aid. After that check your answers using the answer key.

KERALA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION, KUNNAM

I SEMESTER B.ED DEGREE MODEL EXAMINATION, DECEMBER, 2016

                       EDU-03: Technology & Communication in Education

 Time: 2 Hours                                                                                 Max. Marks: 50

                                               Part- A

Answer all questions. Choose the correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark

1. Which of the following is an educational software

    A) Chemical computer   B) Chemical Calculator  C) wiki   D) Chemical Reactor

2. Find the odd one out

    A) Mouse    B) Key board    C) Scanner       D) Printer

3. Which among the following is an example for computer virus

    A) Code Red     B) Linux       C) Card Red              D) Ghostbol

4. Which of the following is a 3D aid

     A) OHP     B) Map      C) Puppet            D) Chart

5. Which of the following is not a barrier to effective communication

    A) Lack of interest      B) Noise      C) Vague language      D)Knowledge

                                                                                         (5x1= 5 Marks)                                                                                                    Part- B

Answer the following questions in one sentence. Each question carries 1 mark.

6. Define Educational technology

7.What is hot potato?

8. Write the names of two computer antivirus

9. Expand EMMRC

10. What do you mean by plagiarism?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (5x1= 5Ma rks)                                                                                                          Part- C

Answer all questions in one paragraph. Each question carries 2 marks.

11. What are the health hazards of using computer?

12. Write short note on computer simulation

13. What is meant by multisensory approach in education?

14. Differentiate synchronous and asynchronous e-learning

15. What is communication cycle?

                                                                                       (5x2= 10marks)

                                                      Part-D

Answer any four questions in about 1 1/2 page each. Each question carries 5 marks.

16. What are the different approaches of educational technology?

17.What is a blog? Write about the advantages of educational blog

18. Briefly explain the scope of ICT in education

19.Enumerate the role of  teacher in the digital era

20.Explain the non-projected aids used in the teaching-learning process

21. What are the conclusions obtained by using FIACS? Give the limitations of FIACS

                                                                                                           

                                                                                      (4x5= 20marks)

                                                      Part- E 

Answer any one question in not exceeding 3 pages. The question carries 10 marks

22. Explain the role and services of a) CIET, b) C-DIT, c) NME-ICT , d) AKSHAYA  

       PROJECT and e) INFLIBNET PROJECT

23. Explain Dale’s cone of Experience

                                                                                                          (1x10=10 marks)

Answer key

                                       Part-A

1.B, 2.D, 3.A, 4.C, 5.D

                                      Part-B

6.Any one definition of Educational Technology                             1 mark

7.Meaning of hotpotato (online games for primary children)        1 mark

8.Any two antivirus(AVG. Avira, K7,.......)                                       1 mark

9.  Educational Multi Media Research Centre                                 1 mark

10.Meaning of plagiarism (Unauthorised use of language and

     thoughts of another author and the use of the same as one's 

     own original work)                                                                        1 mark

                                     Part-C

                                  

 11. Brief description of any 4 health problems                              1/2 x 4=2 marks

 12.a) Meaning of computer simulation                                           1 mark

       b).Any two sses and advantages                                                1 mark

13.Meaning of multisensory approach as VAK model                   2 marks

14.a)Meaning of synchronous e-learning                                        1 mark

     b)Meaning of asynchronous e-learning                                      1 mark

15.a)Brief description of the role of elements of communication 1 mark

     b) Figure of communication cycle                                               1 mark

                                  Part_D

16.a)Meaning of Hardware approach                                             11/2 marks

      b)Meaning of Software approach                                              11/2 marks

      c) )Meaning of systems approach with figure                            2 marks

17.a) Meaning of blog                                                                         2 marks

      b) Advantages of educational blog                                              3 marks     

18. Explanation of scope of ICT in education in different fields

     a) Preparation of content                                                            1 mark

     b)  Preparation of learning material and its use                       1 mark 

     c) Preparation of evaluation tool  and its use                           1 mark 

     d) Advantages                                                                              2 marks

19.Explanation of role of teacher in the digital era                      5 marks

20.a)Meaning of non projected aid                                                  1 mark

      b) Explanation of different categories of non projected aids  4 marks

21 .a)Brief explanation of different conclusions of FIACS          4 marks

     b) Limitations of FIACS                                                             1 mark

                            Part-E

22. Role and services of each                                                          2x5=10marks

23. a) Meaning of cone of experience                                             1 mark

       b) Correct diagram with proper markings                             3 marks

       c) brief description of different experiences                           6 marks